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last modified：2025/03/29
Assistant Professor Yuki Araki
Faculty, Affiliation
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Science and Engineering
Assistant Professor
College and School Educational Field
Division of Mathematical and Physical Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
Laboratory
Nanophysics Laboratory TEL:076-264-5735
Academic Background
【Academic background(Doctoral/Master's Degree)】
Tohoku University Master Graduate School of Science Department of Earth Sciences 201103 Completed
Tohoku University Doctor Graduate School of Science Department of Earth Sciences 201403 Completed
【Academic background(Bachelor's Degree)】
Tohoku University Department of Earth Sciences 200903
【Degree】
Ph.D
Career
Tokyo University of Science(2021/04-)
Ritsumeikan University College of Science and Engineering Assistant professor(2019/04-2022/08)
(2018/04/01-2019/03/31)
(2016/04/01-2018/03/31)
(2014/04/01-2016/03/31)
(2011/04/01-2014/03/31)
Year & Month of Birth
Academic Society
日本結晶成長学会
日本応用物理学会
日本地球惑星科学連合
Award
日本地球惑星科学連合
○黒田チカ賞(2014/02)
○第41回結晶成長国内会議講演奨励賞(2011/11)
○Poster Competition Prize(2011/05)
○Best Poster Award(2010/08)
○結晶成長学会討論会特別賞(2009/09)
○IUCr Poster Competition Prize(2009/05)
Specialities
Solid earth and planetary physics、Thin film/Surface and interfacial physical properties
Speciality Keywords
Crystal Growth, Surface/Interface Science, Biomineralization, Clay Science, Scanning Probe Microscopy
Research Themes
Clarification of mechanism of biomineralization by in situ measurement of interfacial water
Books
Papers
- Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples T. Nakamura,M. Matsumoto,K. Amano,Y. Enokido,M. E. Zolensky,T. Mikouchi,H. Genda,S. Tanaka,M. Y. Zolotov,K. Kurosawa,S. Wakita,R. Hyodo,H. Nagano,D. Nakashima,Y. Takahashi,Y. Fujioka,M. Kikuiri,E. Kagawa,M. Matsuoka,A. J. Brearley,A. Tsuchiyama,M. Uesugi,J. Matsuno,Y. Kimura,M. Sato,R. E. Milliken,E. Tatsumi,S. Sugita,T. Hiroi,K. Kitazato,D. Brownlee,D. J. Joswiak,M. Takahashi,K. Ninomiya,T. Takahashi,T. Osawa,K. Terada,F. E. Brenker,B. J. Tkalcec,L. Vincze,R. Brunetto,A. Aléon-Toppani,Q. H. S. Chan,M. Roskosz,J.-C. Viennet,P. Beck,E. E. Alp,T. Michikami,Y. Nagaashi,T. Tsuji,Y. Ino,J. Martinez,J. Han,A. Dolocan,R. J. Bodnar,M. Tanaka,H. Yoshida,K. Sugiyama,A. J. King,K. Fukushi,H. Suga,S. Yamashita,T. Kawai,K. Inoue,A. Nakato,T. Noguchi,F. Vilas,A. R. Hendrix,C. Jaramillo-Correa,D. L. Domingue,G. Dominguez,Z. Gainsforth,C. Engrand,J. Duprat,S. S. Russell,E. Bonato,C. Ma,T. Kawamoto,T. Wada,S. Watanabe,R. Endo,S. Enju,L. Riu,S. Rubino,P. Tack,S. Takeshita,Y. Takeichi,A. Takeuchi,A. Takigawa,D. Takir,T. Tanigaki,A. Taniguchi,K. Tsukamoto,T. Yagi,S. Yamada,K. Yamamoto,Y. Yamashita,M. Yasutake,K. Uesugi,I. Umegaki,I. Chiu,T. Ishizaki,S. Okumura,E. Palomba,C. Pilorget,S. M. Potin,A. Alasli,S. Anada,Y. Araki,N. Sakatani,C. Schultz,O. Sekizawa,S. D. Sitzman,K. Sugiura,M. Sun,E. Dartois,E. De Pauw,Z. Dionnet,Z. Djouadi,G. Falkenberg,R. Fujita,T. Fukuma,I. R. Gearba,K. Hagiya,M. Y. Hu,T. Kato,T. Kawamura,M. Kimura,M. K. Kubo,F. Langenhorst,C. Lantz,B. Lavina,M. Lindner,J. Zhao,B. Vekemans,D. Baklouti,B. Bazi,F. Borondics,S. Nagasawa,G. Nishiyama,K. Nitta,J. Mathurin,T. Matsumoto,I. Mitsukawa,H. Miura,A. Miyake,Y. Miyake,H. Yurimoto,R. Okazaki,H. Yabuta,H. Naraoka,K. Sakamoto,S. Tachibana,H. C. Connolly,D. S. Lauretta,M. Yoshitake,M. Yoshikawa,K. Yoshikawa,K. Yoshihara,Y. Yokota,K. Yogata,H. Yano,Y. Yamamoto,D. Yamamoto,M. Yamada,T. Yamada,T. Yada,K. Wada,T. Usui,R. Tsukizaki,F. Terui,H. Takeuchi,Y. Takei,A. Iwamae,H. Soejima,K. Shirai,Y. Shimaki,H. Senshu,H. Sawada,T. Saiki,M. Ozaki,G. Ono,T. Okada,N. Ogawa,K. Ogawa,R. Noguchi,H. Noda,M. Nishimura,N. Namiki,S. Nakazawa,T. Morota,A. Miyazaki,A. Miura,Y. Mimasu,K. Matsumoto,K. Kumagai,T. Kouyama,S. Kikuchi,K. Kawahara,S. Kameda,T. Iwata,Y. Ishihara,M. Ishiguro,H. Ikeda,S. Hosoda,R. Honda,C. Honda,Y. Hitomi,N. Hirata,N. Hirata,T. Hayashi,M. Hayakawa,K. Hatakeda,S. Furuya,R. Fukai,A. Fujii,Y. Cho,M. Arakawa,M. Abe,S. Watanabe,Y. Tsuda Science 379 6634 2022/09/22
- Atomic-level nature of solid/liquid interface for energy conversion revealed by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy Taketoshi MINATO,Ken-ichi Umeda,Kei Kobayashi,Yuki Araki,Hiroaki Konishi,Zempachi Ogumi,Takeshi Abe,Hiroshi ONISHI,Hirohumi Yamada Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 2021
? - Phase transition of amorphous calcium phosphate to calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate in simulated body fluid Hiroki Saito,Yuki Araki,Hiroyasu Katsuno,Toshitaka Nakada Journal of Crystal Growth 553 125937 2021/01
- Growth mechanism of NPD crystal from amorphous thin film by observation of morphology and measuring growth rate Hideyuki Kanehara,Yuki Araki,Hiroyasu Katsuno,Toshitaka Nakada Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 59 SN SN1015 2020/08/01 ?
- Molecular-scale structures of the surface and hydration shell of bioinert mixed-charged self-assembled monolayers investigated by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy Y. Araki,T. Sekine,R. Chang,T. Hayashi,H. Onishi RSC Adv. 8 43 24660 2018
- Localization of cesium on montmorillonite surface investigated by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy Yuki Araki,Hisao Satoh,Masahiko Okumura,Hiroshi Onishi SURFACE SCIENCE 665 32 2017/11
- 3D Imaging in Change in the Hydration Structure at Phyllosilicate Crystal-Electrolyte Solution Interfaces by FM-AFM Y. Araki,K. Kobayashi,H. Yamada Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Atomic Level Characterizations for New Materials and Devices ‘17(ALC’17) 5p-B-4 2017
- Interface structure between tetraglyme and graphite Taketoshi Minato,Yuki Araki,Kenichi Umeda,Toshiro Yamanaka,Ken-ichi Okazaki,Hiroshi Onishi,Takeshi Abe,Zempachi Ogumi JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS 147 12 124701 2017/09
- Dolomites in Liquid Imaged by FM-AFM Takata Yuki,Araki Yuki,Onishi Hiroshi Abstract of annual meeting of the Surface Science of Japan 36 294 2016
- Observation of organic solvent/solid interface by frequency modulation atomic force miscroscopy Minato Taketoshi,Araki Yuki,Onishi Hiroshi Abstract of annual meeting of the Surface Science of Japan 36 104 2016
- モンモリロナイト表面のカチオンの原子スケール観察 荒木優希,佐藤久夫,大西洋 表面科学 36 8 398-402 2015
- Direct Observation of the Influence of Additives on Calcite Hydration by Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy Yuki Araki,Katsuo Tsukamoto,Ryosuke Takagi,Tomoyuki Miyashita,Noriaki Oyabu,Kei Kobayashi,Hirofumi Yamada CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 14 12 6254 2014/12
- Atomic-Resolution Imaging of Aragonite (001) Surface in Water by Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy Yuki Araki,Katsuo Tsukamoto,Noriaki Oyabu,Kei Kobayashi,Hirofumi Yamada JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 51 8 08KB09 2012/08
- 炭酸カルシウム結晶表面の液中原子分解能イメージング 荒木優希,塚本勝男,大藪範昭,小林圭,山田啓文 NanotechJapan Bulletin 4 1 2011
Conference Presentations
- In situ investigation of aragonite formation in atomic resolution(conference：International Union of Crystallography (IUCr 2011))(2011/08)
- カルサイト分子ステップ近傍の３次元水和構造評価(conference：第46回結晶成長学会国内会議)(2017/11)
- FM-AFMによるモンモリロナイトの表面・界面構造の微視的変化のその場観察-イオン交換の表面構造依存性と水和の影響の解明-(conference：北大低温研研究集会：結晶表面・界面での成長カイネティクスの理論とその場観察)(2016/01)
- Change of the hydration structure of calcite in the surface phase transition of calcite to aragonite(conference：New Frontiers in Biomineral Formation Research –From Prenucleation clusters to the Final Crystals–)(2014/10)
- 原子スケール界面計測法から見えてくる溶液成長における水和の役割(conference：第38回結晶成長討論会)(2014/09)
- 成長するカルサイト表面の固液界面原子レベルその場観察 －炭酸カルシウム結晶の多形制御機構の解明に向けて－(conference：神戸大学界面科学コロキウム)(2014/07)
- The effect of the synthetic polypeptide on calcite hydration(conference：International School of Crystallization 2012)(2012/05)
- 原子分解能その場観察によるアラゴナイトのバイオミネラリゼーションメカニズムの解明(conference：バイオSPM研究会)(2012/03)
- 合成ポリペプチド添加によるアラゴナイト形成過程の原子分解能イメージング(conference：高次系分子科学第15回ミニシンポジウム)(2012/01)
- Interface Structure between Organic Molecule and Solid Material Analyzed by Liquid Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy(conference：Symposium on Surface Science & Nanotechnology -25th Anniversary of SSSJ Kansai- (SSSN-Kansai))(2017/01)
- FM-AFMによる粘土表面近傍の水和構造３次元イメージング(conference：関西薄膜・表面物理セミナー)(2016/11)
- FM-AFMによる層状ケイ酸塩鉱物表面のイオン交換に伴う水和構造変化の３次元イメージング(conference：第77回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会)(2016/09)
- 固液界面の原子スケール観察によるモンモリロナイトのイオン交換に対する水和構造依存性の解明(conference：日本地球惑星科学連合2016年大会)(2016/05)
- Dolomites in Liquid Imaged by FM-AFM(conference：The 23rd International Colloquium on Scanning Probe Microscopy (ICSPM2015))(2015/12)
- The Identification of Cation at the Dolomite Surface in Liquid by FM-AFM(conference：Joint ACRITAS & MAINZ Summer School, Investigating the Solid-Liquid Interface)(2015/09)
- モンモリロナイト表面におけるカチオン交換の原子スケールその場観察(conference：日本地球惑星科学連合2015年大会)(2015/05)
- 粘土-溶液界面のカチオン交換の原子スケールその場観察(conference：第34回表面科学学術講演会)(2014/11)
- Atomic Scale Investigation of Influence of Additives on Hydration at Calcite Surface by FM-AFM(conference：17th International Conference on non-contact Atomic Force Microscopy (NC-AFM2014))(2014/08)
- 合成ポリペプチドとマグネシウムの添加によるカルサイト表面の原子レベルの水和構造の変化(conference：第 43回日本結晶成長学会国内会議 (NCCG-43))(2013/11)
- 合成ポリペプチド添加によるアラゴナイト形成過程の原子分解能イメージング(conference：神戸大学学術講演会)(2012/03)
- Atomic in situ observation of aragonite formation(conference：The International School of Biological crystallization 2011)(2011/05)
- 合成ポリペプチドを添加した溶液中におけるカルサイト表面の水和構造の原子分解能イメージング(conference：日本惑星科学連合2013年大会)(2013/05)
- Atomic Imaging of Aragonite (001) Surface in Water by FM-AFM(conference：19th International Clloquium on Scanning Probe Microscopy (ICSPM19))(2012/12)
- Atomic-Scale Observation of Hydration Structure on Calcite by FM-AFM(conference：15th International Conference on non-contact Atomic Force Microscopy (NC-AFM 2012))(2012/07)
- The clarification of aragonite formation mechanism by is situ observation in atomic resolution by FM-AFM(conference：The 16th International Conference on Crystal Growth (ICCG16))(2010/08)
- 原子分解能その場観察によるアラゴナイト形成メカニズムの解明(conference：日本惑星科学連合2010大会)(2010/05)
- Clarification of aragonite formation mechanism by is situ observation in atomic resolution by FM-AFM(conference：The 1st Workshop on Nanoscopic Approach for carbon sequestration (nanoCO2))(2010/02)
- The nucleation of aragonite as induced by synthetic polypeptide –in situ observation in atomic resolution by FM-AFM–(conference：第4回バイオミネラリゼーションワークショップ)(2009/12)
- The nucleation of aragonite on calcite as induced by synthetic polypeptide –in situ observation in atomic resolution by FM-AFM–(conference：第39回結晶成長国内会議 (NCCG-39))(2009/11)
- 合成ポリペプチド添加によるカルサイト基板上でのアラゴナイト核形成 –AFMによるその場観察–(conference：日本惑星科学連合2009大会)(2009/05)
- The nucleation of aragonite as induced by synthetic polypeptide –in situ observation by AFM–(conference：International School of Crystallization 2009)(2009/05)
- Toward in situ observation of the transition from calcite to aragonite by AFM(conference：第３回バイオミネラリゼーションワークショップ)(2008/12)
- Atomic-scale observation of hydration structure on calcite(conference：The 5th Japan-Netherlands Symposium (JANE))(2012/07)
- Atomic in situ Investigation of Aragonite formation by FM-AFM(conference：Water Dynamics-8/ Deep Carbon Cycle)(2011/03)
- The nucleation of aragonite as induced by synthetic polypeptide –in situ observation by AFM–(conference：日本結晶成長学会討論会)(2009/09)
- In situ observation of Cs+ adsorption and diffusion on phyllosilicate mineral surfaces by liquid-FM-AFM(conference：20th International Conference on non-contact AFM (NC-AFM2017))(2017/09)
- FM-AFMによるモンモリロナイトの表面・界面構造の原子スケールその場観察(conference：日本原子力研究開発機構研究セミナー)(2016/01)
- Molecular-scale change of the hydration structure of calcite surfaces due to magnesium ions probed by FM-AFM(conference：The International Chemical Congress of Pacific basin Societies 2015)(2015/12)
- Mg2+存在下におけるカルサイトの３次元水和構造評価(conference：第64回応用物理学会春季学術講演会)(2017/03)
- Crystal Growth in Liquid Probed by FM-AFM(conference：Kyoto Workshop on Molecular-scale Visualization of Solid-liquid Interfaces by Novel Scanning Probe Techniques)(2015/03)
- 固液界面の原子レベルその場観察によるカルサイトの水和構造に対する添加物効果の解明(conference：日本地球惑星科学連合2014年大会)(2014/04)
- Atomic-scale observation of hydration structure of step front of calcite(conference：The 7th International Symposium on Surface Science(ISSS-7))(2014/11)
- FM-AFMによるカルサイト結晶表面の水和構造その場観察(conference：第42回結晶成長国内会議 (NCCG-42))(2012/11)
- The nucleation of aragonite as induced by synthetic polypeptide –in situ observation by AFM–(conference：The 2nd International Symposium: Interface Mineralogy)(2009/03)
- 原子分解能その場観察によるアラゴナイト形成メカニズムの解明(conference：第5回バイオミネラリゼーションワークショップ)(2010/11)
- 3D imaging of hydration structures at step edges of calcite(conference：The 19th International Scanning Probe Microscopy Conference (ISPM2017))(2017/05)
- 3D visualization of hydration structure above clay nano-particles by FM-AFM(conference：The 13th MicRO Alliance Meeting)(2016/11)
- 3D observation of hydration structure above calcite in molecular-scale by FM-AFM(conference：Water on Material Surfaces 2018)(2018/07)
- 3D imaging of change in the hydration structure at phyllosilicate crystal-electrolute solution interfaces by FM-AFM(conference：11th International Symposium on Atomic Level Characterizations for New Materials and Devices (ALC 2017))(2017/12)
- Interface Structure between Graphite and Organic Electrolyte Investigated by Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy(conference：5th Ito International Research Conference, Forefront of Molecular Dynamics at Surfaces and Interfaces: from a single molecule to catalytic reaction)(2017/11)
- Observation of Interface between Organic Electrolyte and Electrode in Rechargeable Battery by Frequency-Modulation Atomic Force Micrscopy in Liquid(conference：20th International Conference on non-contact AFM (NC-AFM2017))(2017/09)
- Linear distribution of Cs at surface of nano clay particle(conference：19th International Conference on non-contact Atomic Force Microscopy (NC-AFM 2016))(2016/07)
- Dependence of Hydration Structure above Calcite Surface on Mg2+ Concentration Probed by FM-AFM(conference：The 18th International Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy (ICCGE18))(2017/08)
- Atomic-scale change of the hydration structure of montmorillonite surfaces by ion exchange(conference：18th International Conference on non-contact Atomic Force Microscopy (NC-AFM 2015))(2015/09)
- Atomic Scale Investigation of Influence of Additives on Hydration at Calcite Surface by FM-AFM(conference：第32回関西界面科学セミナー)(2014/07)
- 成長するカルサイト表面の固液界面原子レベルその場観察 －炭酸カルシウム結晶の多形制御機構の解明に向けて－(conference：筑波大学数理物質系化学域講演会)(2014/05)
- Clarification of the mechanism of aragonite formation by in situ observation in atomic resolution(conference：The 14th International Summer School on Crystal Growth (ISSCG-14))(2010/08)
- Mg concentration dependence of calcite hydration structure(conference：19th International Conference on non-contact Atomic Force Microscopy (NC-AFM 2016))(2016/07)
- Submerged Atomic Resolution Imaging of Hydration Structure on Calcite(conference：The 17th International Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy (ICCGE-17))(2013/08)
- Mg2+ effect on 3D water distribution of calcite surface(conference：24th International Colloquium on Scanning Probe Microscopy (ICSPM24))(2016/12)
- In situ observation of Cs+ adsorption on phyllislicate mineral surfaces by liquid-FM-AFM(conference：日本地球惑星連合2018年大会)(2018/05)
- Atomic-Scale Investigation of Aragonite Formation Mechanism by FM-AFM(conference：Achievements of G-COE Program for Earth and Planetary Dynamics and the Future Perspective)(2012/09)
- Polymorphism of CaCO3 crystals via change in hydration structure induced by organic and inorganic additives(conference：BiominXIV)(2017/10)
- Organic Solvent and Solid Materials by Liquid Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy(conference：The 19th International Scanning Probe Microscopy Conference (ISPM2017))(2017/05)
- 炭酸カルシウム結晶表面の液中原子分解能イメージング(conference：京都・先端ナノテク総合支援ネットワーク平成23年度成果報告会)(2011/11/07)
- Influence of interface water of clay minerals on ion adsorption(2019/10/23)
- Particular effect of Mg2+ on hydration structure at calcite surface(conference：Goldschmidt Conference 2018)(2018/08)
- Specific effect of Mg2+ on hydration structure of calcite probed byFM-AFM(conference：ACSIN-14&ICSPM26)(2018/10)
- Specific effect of Mg2+ on hydration structure of calcite revealed by 3D frequency shift mapping(conference：nc-AFM 2018)(2018/09)
- カルサイトの水和構造に対するマグネシウムイオンの特異的効果(conference：第47回結晶成長国内会議)(2018/10)
- エネルギー散逸による脂質膜の表面物性評価(conference：第66回応用物理学会春季講演会)(2019/03)
Others
- ねじれ成長における濃度場のその場観察 茨城俊介,荒木優希,忍健太郎,緒明佑哉,佐崎元,塚本勝男,今井宏明 結晶成長国内会議予稿集(CD-ROM) 43rd ROMBUNNO.08AC08 2013
- 34th Toronkai(News of JACG) Journal of the Japanese Association of Crystal Growth 36 4 313 2010/01
- FM‐AFMによるカルサイト結晶表面の水和構造その場観察 荒木優希,塚本勝男,高木良介,宮下知幸,大藪範昭,小林圭,山田啓文 結晶成長国内会議予稿集(CD-ROM) 42nd ROMBUNNO.09AD03 2012
- Joint Research Program of the Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University "Surface Science and Crystal Growth" ARAKI Yuki Journal of the Japanese Association of Crystal Growth 39 4 217 2013/01/31
- FM-AFMによるカルサイト表面の水和構造の原子分解能観察 荒木優希,塚本勝男,高木良介,宮下知幸,大藪範昭,小林圭,山田啓文 日本結晶成長学会誌 42 4 256-263 2015
- 合成ポリペプチドとマグネシウムの添加によるカルサイト表面の原子レベルの水和構造の変化 荒木優希,塚本勝男,高木良介,宮下知幸,大藪範昭,小林圭,山田啓文 結晶成長国内会議予稿集(CD-ROM) 43rd ROMBUNNO.07AC04 2013
- レーザー共焦点位相シフト干渉計による結晶表面の観察 忍健太郎,塚本勝男,荒木優希,阿部有紀,西村良浩 結晶成長国内会議予稿集(CD-ROM) 42nd ROMBUNNO.09PD05 2012
- 合成ポリペプチド添加によるカルサイト基板上でのアラゴナイト核形成―FM‐AFMによる原子分解能その場観察― 荒木優希,塚本勝男,丸山美帆子,宮下知幸,山田啓文,小林圭,大藪範昭 結晶成長国内会議予稿集 39th 206 2009
- バイオミネラリゼーションでの結晶成長”その場”観察 塚本勝男,吉崎泉,山田啓文,荒木優希,佐藤久夫 日本農芸化学会大会講演要旨集(Web) 2013 WEB ONLY 4SY25-3 2013/03/05
- アラゴナイト形成過程原子分解能その場観察 荒木優希,木村勇気,塚本勝男,高木良介,宮下知幸,大藪範昭,小林圭,山田啓文 結晶成長国内会議予稿集(CD-ROM) 41st ROMBUNNO.03AC08 2011
Arts and Fieldwork
○シンポジウム主宰「表面科学と結晶成長」（北大低温研共同利用・研究集会）(2012/11/26-2012/11/27)(place：北大低温研)
Patent
Theme to the desired joint research
○Clarification of Functional beauty of Biomineral and effect of interfacial water
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research
○「ガラス上のナノ水滴の構造観察による微視的ぬれの解明」(2023-2025)
○「水が引き起こす化学進化-高分解能AFMによる前生物的RNA合成のその場観察-」(2019-2022)
○「原子分解能その場観察によるアラゴナイト形成メカニズムの解明」(2011-2013)
○「機械学習分子シミュレーションと実験による粘土鉱物界面水物性の解明 」(2018-2021)
○「pH/イオン濃度分布の可視化が拓く新たな固液界面反応評価 」(2021-2022)
○「水が引き起こす化学進化-高分解能AFMによる前生物的RNA合成のその場観察- 」(2019-2022)
○「水和構造を介した界面張力制御による炭酸カルシウム結晶の多形選別機構の解明 」(2016-2018)